Discover what colours can dogs see and how their vision differs from humans. Learn what colours dogs see best and which they can’t perceive.
Introduction: Can Dogs Really See in Colour?
If you’ve ever tossed a bright red ball for your pup and wondered if they see it like you do, you’re not alone. One of the most common questions dog owners ask is, what colours can dogs see? For years, it was believed that dogs only saw in black and white — but modern science reveals a far more fascinating story.
In this in-depth guide, we’ll answer exactly what colours can dogs see, which hues stand out to them, and why understanding your dog’s vision matters for their wellbeing and playtime. Whether you’re a first-time dog parent, a seasoned trainer, or a pet professional, this article provides practical, research-backed insights into how your furry friend views the world.
Table of Contents
How Do Dogs See the World?
The Science Behind Canine Vision
Humans and dogs perceive colour through special receptors in the eye called cones. Humans have three types of cones, which allow us to see a broad spectrum of colours. Dogs, however, only have two types of cones.
This makes their colour vision similar to a person with red-green colour blindness, also known as dichromatic vision. So, what does this mean for your pup?
- Colours dogs can see: shades of blue and yellow.
- Colours dogs can’t see: reds, oranges, and greens appear as shades of grey or brown.
A 2013 study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B confirmed that dogs rely on both brightness and limited colour cues to differentiate objects (source).
What Colours Can Dogs See?
So, what colours can dogs see exactly? The table below compares how common colours appear to humans versus dogs:
| Colour | Human Vision | Dog Vision |
| Red | Red | Dark Brown/Grey |
| Orange | Orange | Brown |
| Yellow | Yellow | Yellow |
| Green | Green | Grey |
| Blue | Blue | Blue |
| Purple | Purple | Grey |
As you can see, what colours can dogs see best are shades of blue and yellow. These colours are more vivid and distinguishable for them, while reds and greens fade into duller shades.
What Colours Can Dogs Not See?
What colours can dogs not see? Reds, oranges, and greens are tough for dogs to perceive. These hues appear as muddy browns or indistinct greys.
This is important to remember when choosing toys or training tools. A bright red ball in a grassy yard might look like a grey blob against a grey background to your pup. Instead, opt for blue or yellow toys for better visibility.
What Colours Can Dogs See Best?
Research shows that what colours can dogs see best are blue and yellow. These colours offer the strongest contrast against typical environments like green grass or brown dirt, making them ideal choices for toys, leads, and training markers.
Pro Tip: If you want your dog to track a ball easily at the park, go for a blue or yellow ball instead of red or orange.
Real-World Applications: Why Dog Colour Vision Matters
Understanding what colours can dogs see isn’t just trivia — it has practical implications:
- Toy Selection: Choose blue or yellow toys for maximum visibility.
- Training: Use colour cues dogs can distinguish in agility courses or scent work.
- Safety: Avoid relying on red or green signals for canine cues (like indicator lights or signs).
Dog vision affects everything from play to safety and training. By knowing what colours can dogs see best, you can improve their environment and engagement.
Expert Insight: What the Research Says
- A study in Journal of Vision noted dogs could consistently distinguish blue and yellow cards from red (source).
- Veterinary ophthalmologists at the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) confirm that canine dichromatic vision means dogs perceive two primary hues — yellow and blue.
- According to VCA Animal Hospitals, dogs rely more on motion and brightness contrast than colour (source).
Jim&Gloria Washable Dog Hair Dye Markers, Pet Safe Grooming Kit, Temporary Fur Paint Animal Pens for Small to Large Boy and Girl Puppy Stuff Accessories, Birthday Gifts to Cat Lovers Set of 12 Color
FAQs About What Colours Dogs Can See
What colours can dogs see in the dark?
While dogs can’t see colours better in the dark, they have excellent night vision thanks to a reflective layer behind their retina called the tapetum lucidum. This enhances low-light visibility but doesn’t improve colour recognition.
What colours can dogs see best outdoors?
Blue and yellow remain the clearest colours for dogs both indoors and outdoors. Red and green blend into their environment, making objects of these colours difficult to spot on grass or dirt.
Can dogs see black and white too?
Yes. Dogs perceive shades of grey, black, and white alongside their limited colour range. Their world is primarily blue, yellow, and grey.
Do certain dog breeds see colours differently?
No. All dog breeds share the same dichromatic colour vision. However, certain breeds bred for hunting or herding may rely more on motion detection and contrast than colour.
Final Thoughts: Understanding How Dogs See the World
So, to wrap it up — what colours can dogs see? Primarily blue and yellow, while reds, oranges, and greens fade into muted greys or browns. Knowing what colours can dogs see best is essential when choosing toys, creating safe environments, or setting up training areas.
It’s a small but meaningful way to engage more intentionally with your four-legged friend and improve their daily experiences.
Related Reads on PetsCafee.com
What Are the Best Automatic Cat Feeders Under $50
How to Train a Service Dog: Step-by-Step Expert Guide
Dogs can fulfill our need to nurture
Authoritative Sources
- Royal Society Publishing
- Journal of Vision
- VCA Animal Hospitals
- American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO)
Author Bio
Emma K. Riley
Pet Behaviourist & Canine Vision Specialist
With over 20 years of experience in canine behaviour and veterinary ophthalmology, Emma has dedicated her career to helping dog owners understand their pets better. She regularly contributes to PetsCafee.com and speaks at global veterinary conferences.
1 thought on “What Colours Can Dogs See? The Surprising Truth About Canine Vision”